Which venous condition can be caused by an A-V fistula?

An A-V (arteriovenous) fistula creates an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein, which can lead to altered blood flow dynamics in the venous system. This abnormal flow can cause increased pressure and volume in the veins, resulting in venous stasis. Venous stasis occurs when blood pools in the venous system, often leading to complications such as swelling, varicosities, or even venous ulcers.

When an A-V fistula is created, the direct flow of blood from the high-pressure arterial system into the low-pressure venous system can overwhelm the venous return, leading to stagnation of blood flow. This stagnation is what characterizes venous stasis, making it a significant concern for patients with an A-V fistula.

The other options represent conditions that are unrelated to venous stasis. Claudication refers to muscle pain due to inadequate blood supply, ischemic pain is due to insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues, and peripheral artery disease involves narrowing or blockage in the arteries that supply blood to the limbs. None of these conditions directly relate to the effects of an A-V fistula on the venous system, making venous stasis the most relevant and appropriate choice in this context.