Which condition is characterized by spells of aural fullness, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo?

The condition characterized by spells of aural fullness, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo is Meniere's disease. This disorder typically affects one ear and involves the accumulation of fluid in the inner ear's labyrinth, leading to the symptoms described.

Patients often report episodes of aural fullness or pressure in the affected ear, which is a notable precursor to the onset of vertigo—a sensation of spinning or dizziness. The fluctuating nature of the hearing loss distinguishes Meniere's from other vestibular disorders, as patients may experience variations in hearing capabilities that can improve or worsen over time. Tinnitus, which is a ringing or buzzing in the ear, is another hallmark of this condition.

In the context of the presented options, BPPV (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo) primarily involves brief episodes of vertigo triggered by changes in head position, without the aural fullness or tinnitus typical of Meniere's. Unilateral Vestibular Loss and Bilateral Vestibular Loss relate more to loss of balance and spatial orientation without the specific auditory symptoms associated with Meniere's.

Thus, the combination of aural fullness, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo aligns precisely with Meniere's