What potential risk should be monitored when prescribing ACE inhibitors?

When prescribing ACE inhibitors, monitoring for dehydration is critical due to the medications' effects on blood pressure and fluid balance. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which plays a role in constricting blood vessels. As a result, these medications can lower blood pressure and promote sodium and water excretion. If a patient has reduced fluid intake, is experiencing vomiting, or has a condition that affects fluid status, dehydration can become a significant concern.

Furthermore, older adults are often at a higher risk for dehydration due to factors such as medications that increase urination, changes in thirst perception, or various health conditions that may compromise their ability to maintain hydration. Therefore, careful monitoring for signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth, decreased urine output, or confusion, is essential for this patient population when on ACE inhibitors to ensure safety and maximize therapeutic effectiveness.