What kind of correlation is exemplified by the increased lung cancer risk associated with a long history of smoking?

The correct answer is a positive correlation, which is characterized by the relationship between two variables where an increase in one variable corresponds with an increase in the other. In the case of lung cancer risk and smoking history, as the amount or duration of smoking increases, the risk of developing lung cancer also increases. This relationship demonstrates that both factors move in the same direction; as smoking habits become more pronounced, the incidence of lung cancer rises correspondingly. Recognizing this positive correlation is crucial in understanding the health risks associated with smoking and supporting public health initiatives aimed at smoking cessation and education about its dangers.